MFC Engineering Properties
High-field (|E| > 1kV/mm), biased-voltage-operation piezoelectric constants: | ||
d33 P1, F1 type, in rod direction | 4.6E+02 pC/N | 4.6E+02 pm/V |
d31 P2 type, in electrode direction | -2.1E+02 pC/N | -2.1E+02 pm/V |
Low-field (|E| < 1kV/mm > 300V), unbiased-operation piezoelectric constants: | ||
d33 P1, F1 type, in rod direction | 4.0E+02 pC/N | 4.0E+02 pC/N |
d33 P1, F1 type, in rod direction | -1.7E+02 pC/N | -1.7E+02 pC/N |
Average free-strain per volt (low-field – high-field) for d33 P1, F1 type in rod direction | ~ 0.75 – 0.9 ppm/V | ~ 0.75 – 0.9 ppm/V |
Average free-strain per volt (low-field – high-field) for d31 P2 type in rod direction | ~1.1 – 1.3 ppm/V | ~1.1 – 1.3 ppm/V |
Free-strain hysteresis in rod direction | ~ 0.2 | ~ 0.2 |
DC poling voltage, Vpol for d33 P1, F1 type | +1500V | +1500V |
DC poling voltage, Vpol for d31 P2 type | +360V | +360V |
Poled capacitance @ 1kHz, room temp, Cpol for d33 P1, F1 type | ~ 0.30 nF/cm² | ~ 1.94 nF/in² |
Poled capacitance @ 1kHz, room temp, | ~ 7.8 nF/cm² | ~ 50 nF/ in² |
Orthotropic Linear Elastic Properties (constant electric field): | ||
Tensile modulus, E1 in rod direction | 30.336 GPa | 4.4E+06 psi |
Tensile modulus, E1 in electrode direction | 15.857 GPa | 2.3E+06 psi |
Poisson’s ratio, v12 | 0.31 | 0.31 |
Poisson’s ratio, v21 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
Shear modulus, G12 rules of mixture estimate | 5.515 GPa | 8.0E+05 psi |
Operational Parameters: | ||
Maximum operational positive voltage Vmax for d33 P1, F1 type | +1500 | +1500V |
Maximum operational positive voltage Vmax for d31 P2 type | +360V | +360V |
Maximum operational negative voltage Vmin for d33 P1, F1 type | -500V | -500V |
Maximum operational negative voltage Vmin for d31 P2 type | -60V | -60V |
Linear-elastic tensile strain limit¹ | 1000 ppm | 1000 ppm |
Maximum operational tensile strain¹ | < 4500 ppm | < 4500 ppm |
Recommended tensile strain for Energy Harvesting | < 600 ppm | < 600 ppm |
Peak work-energy density | ~48800 Nm/m³ | ~7 in-lb/in³ |
Temperature and Lifetime Parameters: | ||
Minimum operating temperature all Versions | -35°C | -31°F |
Maximum operating temperature Standard Version | < 85°C | < 176°F |
Maximum operating temperature HT Version | < 130°C | < 266°F |
Operational lifetime (@ 1kVp-p) | > 10E+09 cycles | > 10E+09 cycles |
Operational lifetime (@ 2kVp-p, 500VDC) | > 10E+07 cycles | > 10E+07 cycles |
Operational Bandwidth: | ||
Operational bandwidth as actuator high electric field | 0Hz up to 10 kHz | 0Hz up to 10 kHz |
Operational bandwidth as actuator low electric field levels (< 33% of max operating voltage) | 0Hz up to 700kHz | 0Hz up to 700kHz |
Operational bandwidth as sensor | 0Hz up to 1 MHz | 0Hz up to 1 MHz |
Additional mechanical parameters: | ||
Thickness of all MFC types | 300µm, +-10% | 12 mil +-10% |
Volume Density, active area | 5.44 g/cm³ | 5.44 g/cm³ |
Area Density, active area | 0.16 g/cm² | 0.16 g/cm² |
P1 and F1 type standard inventory sizes
Model | Active length in mm | Active width in mm | Overall length in mm | Overall width in mm | Capacitance in nF, ±20% | Free strain in ppm,-0%, +20% | Blocking force in N, -0%, +20% | Layout |
M2503-P1 | 25 | 3 | 35 | 9 | 0.22 | 788 | 21 | |
M2807-P1 | 28 | 7 | 38 | 13 | 0.7 | 1035 | 62 | |
M2814-P1 | 28 | 14 | 38 | 20 | 1.3 | 1160 | 146 | |
M4005-P1 | 40 | 5 | 50 | 11 | 0.7 | 885 | 38 | |
M4010-P1 | 40 | 10 | 50 | 16 | 1.9 | 1050 | 90 | |
M4312-P1 | 43 | 12 | 53 | 18 | 2.1 | 1050 | 94 | |
M5628-P1 | 56 | 28 | 67 | 35 | 4.4 | 1350 | 340 | |
M8503-P1 | 85 | 3 | 106 | 14 | 0.9 | 788 | 21 | |
M8507-P1 | 85 | 7 | 101 | 13 | 3.1 | 1035 | 65 | |
M8514-P1 | 85 | 14 | 101 | 20 | 4.2 | 1200 | 152 | |
M8528-P1 | 85 | 28 | 103 | 35 | 6.9 | 1350 | 454 | |
M8557-P1 | 85 | 57 | 103 | 64 | 16.0 | 1350 | 693 | |
M14003-P1 | 140 | 3 | 160 | 10 | 1.4 | 1050 | 28 |
Model | Active length in mm | Active width in mm | Overall length in mm | Overall width in mm | Capacitance in nF, ±20% | Free strain in ppm, -0%, +20% | Blocking force in N, -0%, +20% | Layout |
M8528-F1 | 85 | 28 | 105 | 35 | 7.4 | 1350 | 364 calc. | |
M8557-F1 | 85 | 57 | 105 | 65 | 15.0 | 1350 | 710 calc. |
